In the "Principles of Molecular Biology" course, we explore the fundamental concepts and mechanisms at the basis of life at the molecular level. Molecular biology represents as the cornerstone of modern biological sciences, providing fundamental insights into the structure, function, and regulation of biomolecules essential for life. Throughout this course, students will embark on a journey through the key principles and methodologies of molecular biology. We will describe the structure and define the functions of nucleic acids, DNA and RNA and examine how these molecules encode genetic information. Additionally, we will deal with key cellular processes that allow for the transmission and expression of the genetic information, such as DNA replication, transcription, and protein synthesis. For all of these aspects, students will learn what the fundamental players are, how they are regulated, and the consequences of their dysfunction. Furthermore, this course will address historical and contemporary techniques commonly employed in molecular biology laboratories, highlighting recent advancements and their implications for our understanding of life and disease. Welcome to an exciting journey into the molecular biology realm!